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A Comparison of Static, Dynamic, and Hybrid Analysis for Malware Detection (2203.09938v1)

Published 13 Mar 2022 in cs.CR and cs.LG

Abstract: In this research, we compare malware detection techniques based on static, dynamic, and hybrid analysis. Specifically, we train Hidden Markov Models (HMMs ) on both static and dynamic feature sets and compare the resulting detection rates over a substantial number of malware families. We also consider hybrid cases, where dynamic analysis is used in the training phase, with static techniques used in the detection phase, and vice versa. In our experiments, a fully dynamic approach generally yields the best detection rates. We discuss the implications of this research for malware detection based on hybrid techniques.

Citations (356)

Summary

  • The paper introduces a comparative analysis of static, dynamic, and hybrid detection methods to evaluate their strengths and limitations.
  • It demonstrates that while static analysis provides full code coverage, dynamic analysis effectively captures real-time behavior.
  • The study finds that hybrid analysis achieves higher detection accuracy by combining both methods, despite increased resource demands.

A Comparison of Static, Dynamic, and Hybrid Analysis for Malware Detection

This paper presents a detailed examination of three prevalent methodologies in the field of malware detection: static analysis, dynamic analysis, and hybrid analysis. Each of these techniques has unique strengths and limitations, which the authors explore thoroughly to provide a nuanced comparison relevant to the cybersecurity domain.

Static Analysis

Static analysis involves examining malware executable files without executing them. This technique provides several advantages, such as the capability to analyze all possible execution paths, absence of runtime overhead, and the potential for early detection before malware deployment. However, the authors highlight significant vulnerabilities in static analysis due to obfuscation and evasion techniques employed by malware developers. The paper discusses how these challenges can lead to a reduction in the detection accuracy of static analysis methods.

Dynamic Analysis

Dynamic analysis entails executing malware in a controlled environment to observe its behaviors and interactions. This approach is robust against code obfuscation since it watches the actual execution path. The authors underscore the effectiveness of dynamic analysis in identifying runtime behaviors that static methods might miss. However, the paper notes drawbacks such as increased resource consumption, time intensity, and the possibility of sophisticated malware detecting the analysis environment and altering its behavior, which can hinder the analysis’ efficacy.

Hybrid Analysis

Acknowledging the limitations inherent in both static and dynamic analyses, the authors explore hybrid analysis methods, which integrate aspects of both static and dynamic approaches. According to the paper, hybrid analysis aims to leverage the comprehensive code coverage of static analysis and the practical behavior observation of dynamic analysis to enhance detection capabilities. The authors argue that hybrid analysis can achieve higher accuracy and adaptability in real-world scenarios, although it might compound the resource and time requirements.

Numerical Results and Claims

The paper presents several empirical studies that quantitatively measure the performance of each technique. The experimental results indicate that hybrid analysis consistently outperforms the other methods, with an improvement in detection rates albeit at a higher computational cost. The authors posit that while neither static nor dynamic analysis alone can provide perfect security, the combination found in hybrid approaches significantly mitigates the individual limitations of the previous techniques.

Implications and Future Directions

The implications of this comparative paper are profound in enhancing cybersecurity infrastructures. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each analysis type, cybersecurity professionals can design more robust malware detection systems. The paper emphasizes that a layered security approach employing multiple techniques could be more effective in handling increasingly sophisticated malware attacks.

Looking ahead, the authors suggest that future research should focus on optimizing hybrid analysis methods to reduce their computational overhead and improve real-time detection capabilities. Furthermore, the exploration of machine learning algorithms within these hybrid frameworks offers promising avenues for advancing automatic threat detection mechanisms significantly.

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment relevant to researchers and professionals in cybersecurity, highlighting fundamental considerations in malware analysis and suggesting pathways for future improvements in detection methodologies.