Probing Cosmology with Baryon Acoustic Oscillations using Gravitational Waves

Abstract: The third-generation (3G) gravitational wave (GW) detectors such as the Einstein telescope (ET) or Cosmic Explorer (CE) are expected to play an important role in cosmology. With the help of 3G detectors, we will be able to probe large-scale structure (LSS) features such as baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), galaxy bias, etc. We explore the possibility to do precision cosmology, with the 3G GW detectors by measuring the angular BAO scale using localization volumes of compact binary merger events. Through simulations, we show that with a 3G detector network, by probing the angular BAO scale using purely GW observations, we can constrain the Hubble constant for the standard model of cosmology ($\Lambda$CDM) with $90\%$ credible regions as $H_0 = 59.4^{+ 33.9}_{-17.7} ~\mathrm{km}~\mathrm{s}^{-1}~\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. When combined with BAO measurements from galaxy surveys, we show that it can be used to constrain various models of cosmology such as parametrized models for dark energy equations of state. We also show how cosmological constraints using BAO measurements from GW observations in the 3G era will complement the same from spectroscopic surveys.