Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Effects of Optically Cooled Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers Coupled to a High Frequency Microwave Resonator

Abstract: Recent experiments demonstrated the cooling of a microwave mode of a high-quality dielectric resonator coupled to optically cooled nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spins in diamond. Our recent theoretical study [arXiv:2110.10950] pointed out the cooled NV spins can be used to realize cavity quantum electrodynamics effects (C-QED) at room temperature. In this article, we propose to modify the setup used in a recent diamond maser experiment [Nature 55, 493-496 (2018)], which features a higher spin transition frequency, a lower spin-dephasing rate and a stronger NV spins-resonator coupling, to realize better microwave mode cooling and the room-temperature CQED effects. To describe more precisely the optical spin cooling and the collective spin-resonator coupling, we extend the standard Jaynes-Cumming model to account for the rich electronic and spin levels of the NV centers. Our calculations show that for the proposed setup it is possible to cool the microwave mode from $293$ K (room temperature) to $116$ K, which is about $72$ K lower than the previous records, and to study the intriguing dynamics of the CQED effects under the weak-to-strong coupling transition by varying the laser power. With simple modifications, our model can be applied to, e.g., other solid-state spins or triplet spins of pentacene molecules, and to investigate other effects, such as the operations of pulsed and continuous-wave masing.