Wilf classes of non-symmetric operads (2105.08880v1)

Abstract: Two operads are said to belong to the same Wilf class if they have the same generating series. We discuss possible Wilf classifications of non-symmetric operads with monomial relations. As a corollary, this would give the same classification for the operads with a finite Groebner basis. Generally, there is no algorithm to decide whether two finitely presented operads belong to the same Wilf class. Still, we show that if an operad has a finite Groebner basis, then the monomial basis of the operad forms an unambiguous context-free language. Moreover, we discuss the deterministic grammar which defines the language. The generating series of the operad can be obtained as a result of an algorithmic elimination of variables from the algebraic system of equations defined by the Chomsky--Schutzenberger enumeration theorem. We then focus on the case of binary operads with a single relation. The approach is based on the results by Rowland on pattern avoidance in binary trees. We improve and refine Rowland's calculations and empirically confirm his conjecture. Here we use both the algebraic elimination and the direct calculation of formal power series from algebraic systems of equations. Finally, we discuss the connection of Wilf classes with algorithms for the Quillen homology of operads calculation.