Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash
173 tokens/sec
GPT-4o
7 tokens/sec
Gemini 2.5 Pro Pro
46 tokens/sec
o3 Pro
4 tokens/sec
GPT-4.1 Pro
38 tokens/sec
DeepSeek R1 via Azure Pro
28 tokens/sec
2000 character limit reached

Disagreement Concerning Effect-Measure Modification (2105.07285v2)

Published 15 May 2021 in stat.ME

Abstract: Stratifying factors, like age and gender, can modify the effect of treatments and exposures on risk of a studied outcome. Several effect measures, including the relative risk, hazard ratio, odds ratio, and risk difference, can be used to measure this modification. It is known that choice of effect measure may determine the presence and direction of effect-measure modification. We show that considering the opposite outcome -- for example, recovery instead of death -- may similarly influence effect-measure modification. In fact, if the relative risk for the studied outcome and the relative risk for the opposite outcome agree about the direction of effect-measure modification, then so will the two cumulative hazard ratios, the risk difference, and the odds ratio. When risks are randomly sampled from the uniform (0,1) distribution, the probability of this happening is 5/6. Disagreement is probable enough that researchers considering one relative risk should also consider the other and further discussion if they disagree. (If possible, researchers should also report estimated risks.) We provide examples through case studies on HCV, COVID-19, and bankruptcy following melanoma treatment.

Summary

We haven't generated a summary for this paper yet.