The operator system of Toeplitz matrices

Abstract: A paper of A.~Connes and W.D.~van Suijlekom identifies the operator system of $n\times n$ Toeplitz matrices with the dual of the space of all trigonometric polynomials of degree less than $n$. The present paper examines this identification in somewhat more detail by showing explicitly that the Connes--van Suijlekom isomorphism is a unital complete order isomorphism of operator systems. Consequences of this complete order isomorphism are also examined, yielding two special results of note: (i) that every positive linear map of the $n\times n$ complex matrices is completely positive when restricted to the operator subsystem of Toeplitz matrices and (ii) that every linear unital isometry of the $n\times n$ Toeplitz matrices into the algebra of all $n\times n$ complex matrices is a unitary similarity transformation. This latter result gives a new proof of a theorem established earlier. An operator systems approach to Toeplitz matrices yields new insights into the positivity of block Toeplitz matrices, which are viewed herein as elements of tensor product spaces of an arbitrary operator system with the operator system of $n\times n$ complex Toeplitz matrices. In particular, it is shown that min and max positivity are distinct if the blocks themselves are Toeplitz matrices, and that the maximally entangled Toeplitz matrix generates an extremal ray in the cone of all continuous $n\times n$ Toeplitz-matrix valued functions $f$ on the unit circle $S^1$ whose Fourier coffecients $\hat f(k)$ vanish for $|k|\geq n$ .