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Generating Music with a Self-Correcting Non-Chronological Autoregressive Model (2008.08927v1)

Published 18 Aug 2020 in eess.AS, cs.LG, and cs.SD

Abstract: We describe a novel approach for generating music using a self-correcting, non-chronological, autoregressive model. We represent music as a sequence of edit events, each of which denotes either the addition or removal of a note---even a note previously generated by the model. During inference, we generate one edit event at a time using direct ancestral sampling. Our approach allows the model to fix previous mistakes such as incorrectly sampled notes and prevent accumulation of errors which autoregressive models are prone to have. Another benefit is a finer, note-by-note control during human and AI collaborative composition. We show through quantitative metrics and human survey evaluation that our approach generates better results than orderless NADE and Gibbs sampling approaches.

Citations (10)

Summary

  • The paper introduces ES-Net, a self-correcting non-chronological autoregressive model that dynamically revises note sequences to enhance generated music quality.
  • The methodology employs 2D convolutional neural networks and edit-event sequences to mitigate error accumulation common in traditional autoregressive approaches.
  • Empirical evaluations demonstrate that ES-Net produces music with high stylistic fidelity to Bach compositions, outperforming models such as orderless NADE and Gibbs sampling.

Generating Music with a Self-Correcting Non-Chronological Autoregressive Model

The paper, "Generating Music with a Self-Correcting Non-Chronological Autoregressive Model," introduces an innovative approach to music generation that leverages a non-sequential processing method to improve autoregressive model outputs. The authors propose a model, termed ES-Net, which uniquely positions itself between traditional autoregressive and image-based models to facilitate both addition and removal of notes during generation, aligning more closely with human compositional processes that are inherently non-linear.

Innovative Methodology

The keystone of this research lies in its use of a non-chronological autoregressive structure for music generation. The model operates by representing music as sequences of edit events, each specifying the addition or removal of a note on a piano roll, which is subsequently interpreted through a 2D convolutional neural network. This approach mitigates one common pitfall of autoregressive models: the accumulation of errors, often exacerbated by a straightforward conditional sampling method. By allowing for the correction of previously generated notes, the model can rectify these errors dynamically, enabling more cohesive composition.

To underpin the robustness of their approach, the authors draw comparisons with orderless NADE and Gibbs sampling methods. Through rigorous quantitative and qualitative evaluations, the proposed model is shown to outperform these established techniques across several metrics, including human survey responses regarding quality and stylistic fidelity to Bach compositions.

Empirical Results

Notably, the paper provides strong empirical evidence of the efficacy of ES-Net. In quantitative comparisons, the model matched or exceeded the musical quality of samples generated by other models. Human evaluation further solidifies these findings, with ES-Net consistently ranked above its counterparts for producing music closer to the quality of authentic Bach compositions. Despite calculating a lower notewise log-likelihood when compared to orderless NADE, this was contextualized as reflecting the broader support of ES-Net's capabilities, which encapsulate both note additions and removals.

Theoretical and Practical Implications

The theoretical implications of this research suggest a paradigm shift in how generative models can interpret and produce musical compositions. The model’s non-linear processing capabilities reflect a more nuanced approach to understanding music as a non-sequential art form where iterations and revisions are part of the creative process. Practically, this has substantial implications for software tools designed for aiding or automating music production, offering musicians and composers a tool that aligns more with intuitive music-making processes.

Future Directions

Looking forward, the authors discuss potential extensions of their model, highlighting the possibility of incorporating more complex musical features such as velocity and note duration for richer output. Additionally, there's scope to diversify and validate the model’s applicability across a wider range of musical styles and datasets beyond Bach chorales.

This research thus presents a compelling addition to the computational music generation domain. The integration of error correction mechanisms into autoregressive models not only enhances output quality for specific music genres but also broadens the horizons for theoretical exploration and practical application in AI-driven creativity enhancement tools. As machine learning continues to interface with creative fields, such explorations signify a meaningful dialogue between technology and art, spurring innovation and expanding the potentialities of generative models.

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