The Italian domination numbers of some products of directed cycles

Abstract: An Italian dominating function on a digraph $D$ with vertex set $V(D)$ is defined as a function $f : V(D) \rightarrow {0, 1, 2}$ such that every vertex $v \in V(D)$ with $f(v) = 0$ has at least two in-neighbors assigned $1$ under $f$ or one in-neighbor $w$ with $f(w) = 2$. In this paper, we determine the exact values of the Italian domination numbers of some products of directed cycles.