Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash
112 tokens/sec
GPT-4o
8 tokens/sec
Gemini 2.5 Pro Pro
47 tokens/sec
o3 Pro
5 tokens/sec
GPT-4.1 Pro
38 tokens/sec
DeepSeek R1 via Azure Pro
28 tokens/sec
2000 character limit reached

Propagating Speed of Primordial Gravitational Waves (2007.04256v2)

Published 8 Jul 2020 in astro-ph.CO and gr-qc

Abstract: Primordial Gravitational Waves, i.e. a background of metric perturbations sourced by the quantum inflationary fluctuations, if measured, could both provide a substantial evidence for primordial inflation and shed light on physics at extremely high energy scales. In this work we focus on their propagating speed. Using an effective field theory approach we introduce a time-dependent propagating speed $c_{\rm T}(t)$ showing that also small deviations from the General Relativity (GR) prediction $c_{\rm T}(t) = c$ can lead to testable consequences. We derive a set of equations that relate the propagating speed and its time dependence to the inflationary parameters and that generalize the usual slow roll consistency relations. Imposing the new generalized consistency relations and combining small and large scales data, we derive model independent constraints on inflation with non-trivial primordial tensor speed. In particular we constrain its scale dependence to be $d\log c_{\rm T} / d\log k=0.082{+0.047}_{-0.11}$ at 68% C.L. while we only derive the lower bound $c_{\rm T}>0.22\,c$ at 95% C.L. . We also constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio at the pivot scale $k_*=0.05\rm{Mpc}{-1}$ to be $r<0.0599$ at 95% C.L. in agreement with the result provided by the Planck collaboration. Thanks to a proper small scale parameterization of the tensor spectrum we derive stringent constraints on the tensor tilt $n_{\rm T}=-0.084{+0.10}_{-0.047}$ at 68% C.L. and on its runnings $\alpha_{\rm T}=d\,n_{\rm T}/d\log k=0.0141{+0.0035}_{-0.021}$ and $\beta_{\rm T}=d\,\alpha_{\rm T}/d\log k= -0.0061{+0.010}_{-0.0014}$ both at 68% C.L. Our results show a remarkable agreement with the standard slow roll predictions and prove that current data can significantly constrain deviations from GR on the inflationary energy scales.

Summary

We haven't generated a summary for this paper yet.