Remote Quantum Sensing with Heisenberg Limited Sensitivity in Many Body Systems

Abstract: Quantum sensors have been shown to be superior to their classical counterparts in terms of resource efficiency. Such sensors have traditionally used the time evolution of special forms of initially entangled states, adaptive measurement basis change, or the ground state of many-body systems tuned to criticality. Here, we propose a different way of doing quantum sensing which exploits the dynamics of a many-body system, initialized in a product state, along with a sequence of projective measurements in a specific basis. The procedure has multiple practical advantages as it: (i) enables remote quantum sensing, protecting a sample from the potentially invasive readout apparatus; and (ii) simplifies initialization by avoiding complex entangled or critical ground states. From a fundamental perspective, it harnesses a resource so far unexploited for sensing, namely, the residual information from the unobserved part of the many-body system after the wave-function collapses accompanying the measurements. By increasing the number of measurement sequences, through the means of a Bayesian estimator, precision beyond the standard limit, approaching the Heisenberg bound, is shown to be achievable.