Optimal Freewheeling Control of a Heavy-Duty Vehicle Using Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming

Abstract: Improving the powertrain control of heavy-duty vehicles can be an efficient way to reduce the fuel consumption and thereby reduce both the operating cost and the environmental impact. One way of doing so is by using information about the upcoming driving conditions, known as look-ahead information, in order to coast with a gear engaged or to use freewheeling. Controllers using such techniques today mainly exist for vehicles in highway driving. This paper therefore targets how such control can be applied to vehicles with more variations in their velocity, such as distribution vehicles. The driving mission of such a vehicle is here formulated as an optimal control problem. The control variables are the tractive force, the braking force, and a Boolean variable representing closed or open powertrain. The problem is solved by a Model Predictive Controller, which at each iteration solves a Mixed Integer Quadratic Program. The fuel consumption is compared for four different control policies: a benchmark following the reference of the driving cycle, look-ahead control without freewheeling, freewheeling with the engine idling, and freewheeling with the engine turned off. Simulations on a driving cycle typically used for testing distribution vehicles show the potential of saving 10%, 16%, and 20\% respectively for the control policies compared with the benchmark, in all cases without increasing the trip time.