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DIST: Rendering Deep Implicit Signed Distance Function with Differentiable Sphere Tracing (1911.13225v2)

Published 29 Nov 2019 in cs.CV and cs.GR

Abstract: We propose a differentiable sphere tracing algorithm to bridge the gap between inverse graphics methods and the recently proposed deep learning based implicit signed distance function. Due to the nature of the implicit function, the rendering process requires tremendous function queries, which is particularly problematic when the function is represented as a neural network. We optimize both the forward and backward passes of our rendering layer to make it run efficiently with affordable memory consumption on a commodity graphics card. Our rendering method is fully differentiable such that losses can be directly computed on the rendered 2D observations, and the gradients can be propagated backwards to optimize the 3D geometry. We show that our rendering method can effectively reconstruct accurate 3D shapes from various inputs, such as sparse depth and multi-view images, through inverse optimization. With the geometry based reasoning, our 3D shape prediction methods show excellent generalization capability and robustness against various noises.

Citations (280)

Summary

  • The paper introduces a differentiable sphere tracing algorithm for neural implicit SDFs, enabling efficient rendering and inverse graphics on commodity hardware.
  • It employs an aggressive marching strategy and gradient approximation to optimize forward and backward passes for scalable 3D shape prediction.
  • Experimental results demonstrate robust shape reconstruction from sparse inputs and multi-view photometric supervision compared to DeepSDF.

Overview of Differentiable Sphere Tracing for Implicit Signed Distance Functions

The paper "DIST: Rendering Deep Implicit Signed Distance Function with Differentiable Sphere Tracing" introduces a novel differentiable sphere tracing algorithm tailored for deep implicit signed distance functions (SDFs) represented by neural networks. This approach adeptly bridges the gap between inverse graphics methods and neural network-based SDFs to offer efficient and scalable rendering solutions for 3D shape prediction.

The primary contribution lies in optimizing the rendering method for both forward and backward passes to ensure that the training process remains efficient even on commodity hardware. The algorithm leverages deep sphere tracing, inspired by traditional ray-tracing approaches but augmented for deep learning applications, ensuring that gradients can be propagated efficiently without excessive computational overhead.

Key Contributions

  • Differentiable Rendering Algorithm: The paper presents a sphere tracing method that can render implicit SDFs fully differentiably. By addressing memory consumption and computation speed, the algorithm allows for effective training and inverse optimization on commodity-level GPUs.
  • Efficient Forward Propagation: The authors enhance the conventional sphere-tracing method with an aggressive marching strategy and a coarse-to-fine approach to dynamically adapt to scene complexity, optimizing computational resource usage.
  • Gradient Approximation: A gradient approximation mechanism is devised to facilitate back-propagation of error from rendered 2D images to the 3D geometry, reducing the prohibitive computational cost typically associated with neural rendering.
  • Rendering Versatility: Beyond geometry, the method extends to render various 2D observations such as depth, surface normals, and silhouettes, allowing supervision of multiple types of geometric inputs.

Numerical Results and Detailed Analysis

The paper provides extensive numerical results demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed method across several scenarios, including 3D shape prediction from single depth or multi-view color images. When benchmarked against other approaches like DeepSDF, the method consistently shows superior performance, particularly in terms of generalization to new datasets without requiring additional tuning.

  • Robustness to Sparse Data: The proposed method shows strong robustness when dealing with sparse data input, such as low-density depth maps, outperforming competitive methods that rely heavily on dense input or additional normal information.
  • Multi-View Photometric Optimization: The approach shows promising results in leveraging photometric consistency across multiple views for 3D shape reconstruction. This highlights its robustness in diverse visual conditions and reductions in reliance on pre-defined initializations.

Implications and Future Directions

This work presents significant implications for fields where 3D shape reconstruction is pivotal including autonomous driving, robotic manipulation, and virtual reality. By pioneering a differentiable rendering framework that efficiently synergizes with neural implicit SDFs, the methodology offers a significant step forward in neural rendering and inverse graphics.

In future developments, potential exploration includes extending this differentiable rendering approach to self-supervised learning regimes and adapting the framework to recover a wider range of properties, such as material or lighting alongside geometry. The method also poses interesting possibilities for enhancing neural image rendering capabilities, where high-resolution texture and geometric details can be synthesized directly from learned implicit representations.

Overall, the paper's contributions are foundational in advancing efficient, scalable 3D shape prediction using neural rendering techniques, positioning it as a seminal work in the intersection of computer vision, graphics, and deep learning.

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