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Knowledge Tracing with Sequential Key-Value Memory Networks (1910.13197v1)

Published 29 Oct 2019 in cs.LG, cs.AI, cs.IR, and stat.ML

Abstract: Can machines trace human knowledge like humans? Knowledge tracing (KT) is a fundamental task in a wide range of applications in education, such as massive open online courses (MOOCs), intelligent tutoring systems, educational games, and learning management systems. It models dynamics in a student's knowledge states in relation to different learning concepts through their interactions with learning activities. Recently, several attempts have been made to use deep learning models for tackling the KT problem. Although these deep learning models have shown promising results, they have limitations: either lack the ability to go deeper to trace how specific concepts in a knowledge state are mastered by a student, or fail to capture long-term dependencies in an exercise sequence. In this paper, we address these limitations by proposing a novel deep learning model for knowledge tracing, namely Sequential Key-Value Memory Networks (SKVMN). This model unifies the strengths of recurrent modelling capacity and memory capacity of the existing deep learning KT models for modelling student learning. We have extensively evaluated our proposed model on five benchmark datasets. The experimental results show that (1) SKVMN outperforms the state-of-the-art KT models on all datasets, (2) SKVMN can better discover the correlation between latent concepts and questions, and (3) SKVMN can trace the knowledge state of students dynamics, and a leverage sequential dependencies in an exercise sequence for improved predication accuracy.

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Authors (2)
  1. Ghodai Abdelrahman (6 papers)
  2. Qing Wang (341 papers)
Citations (162)

Summary

Sequential Key-Value Memory Networks for Knowledge Tracing

The research paper "Knowledge Tracing with Sequential Key-Value Memory Networks" by Ghodai Abdelrahman and Qing Wang introduces an innovative deep learning model designed to enhance the precision of knowledge tracing (KT) in educational contexts. This model is pivotal for applications such as MOOCs, intelligent tutoring systems, and educational games, where accurately modeling student knowledge states over time is critical to providing personalized learning experiences.

Overview and Key Contributions

The core contribution of this work is the development of the Sequential Key-Value Memory Networks (SKVMN), which addresses the shortcomings of existing KT models that either inadequately capture long-term dependencies or fail to delve into the intricacies of how specific knowledge components are acquired. By unifying recurrent modeling capacity with the memory capacity of previous models like Dynamic Key-Value Memory Networks (DKVMN), SKVMN provides a more robust mechanism for tracing a student’s knowledge over time.

A significant facet of the SKVMN model is its integration of a modified Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) structure, termed Hop-LSTM. This structure strategically hops through sequences of learning interactions, synthesizing only those experiences deemed relevant according to latent concept associations. This capability is crucial for enabling the model to bypass irrelevant data, thereby improving inference speed and accuracy in capturing long-term dependencies.

Experimental Validation

The model was rigorously tested on five benchmark datasets: Synthetic-5, ASSISTments2009, ASSISTments2015, Statics2011, and JunyiAcademy. The results consistently demonstrated that SKVMN surpasses the performance of both traditional models like BKT and more contemporary deep learning approaches, including DKT and DKVMN. Specifically, SKVMN achieved a notable AUC improvement across datasets, highlighting its efficacy in modeling complex educational data.

Remarkably, SKVMN's superior performance is attributable to its enhanced ability to correlate latent concepts with exercise sequences. For instance, it was observed that the model’s predictive accuracy is notably higher than that of DKVMN on datasets like ASSISTments2009, which involves a diverse array of question types and difficulty levels. This improvement is facilitated by more effectively leveraging historical exercise sequences and discerning the underlying relationships between learning concepts.

Implications and Future Directions

The theoretical implications of SKVMN reinforce the notion that integrated memory-augmented models with sophisticated sequence handling can elevate the quality of knowledge tracing. Practically, it opens avenues for more tailored educational interventions, enabling educators to design adaptive learning paths that align with each student’s unique learning trajectory and needs.

Future research could explore automatic hyperparameter tuning to further optimize the SKVMN’s adaptability to varying educational datasets. Moreover, expanding the model’s framework to incorporate multimodal data, such as video or text alongside traditional question-answer formats, could significantly enhance its application scope in diverse educational environments.

In summary, the innovations encapsulated in SKVMN not only enhance the predictive capacity of knowledge tracing models but also offer a comprehensive framework for understanding and improving student learning processes through advanced AI methodologies.