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Black-hole scattering with general spin directions from minimal-coupling amplitudes (1906.10071v2)

Published 24 Jun 2019 in hep-th and gr-qc

Abstract: We study the link between classical scattering of spinning black holes and quantum amplitudes for massive spin-$s$ particles. Generic spin orientations of the black holes are considered, allowing their spins to be deflected on par with their momenta. We rederive the spin-exponentiated structure of the relevant tree-level amplitude from minimal coupling to Einstein's gravity, which in the $s\to\infty$ limit generates the black holes' complete series of spin-induced multipoles. The resulting scattering function is seen to encode in a simple way the known net changes in the black-hole momenta and spins at first post-Minkowskian order. We connect our findings to a rigorous framework developed elsewhere for computing such observables from amplitudes.

Citations (162)

Summary

  • The paper rederives tree-level scattering amplitudes using minimal coupling to accurately capture spinning black hole dynamics.
  • It applies a spinor-helicity formalism to merge quantum field theory with post-Minkowskian approximations for improved gravitational interaction modeling.
  • Results confirm that the framework reliably predicts net momentum and spin changes in black hole encounters, aligning with classical expectations.

Analysis of Black-hole Scattering with General Spin Directions from Minimal-coupling Amplitudes

In "Black-hole scattering with general spin directions from minimal-coupling amplitudes," the authors engage with an intricate topic connecting classical gravitational dynamics with quantum scattering amplitudes. This paper elucidates the relation between massive spin-s particles and spinning black holes in the context of post-Minkowskian (PM) approximations.

Quantum Amplitudes and Classical Dynamics

The paper highlights the use of quantum field theory techniques to address classical two-body problems under general relativity (GR). Such approaches have offered substantial insights, particularly when the post-Newtonian approximations prove inadequate. Recently, progress has been made in understanding spin-orbit interactions and higher-order multipole effects through quantum amplitudes, extending predictions from well-established classical solutions.

Methodological Advancements

The paper rederives the spin-exponentiated structure of tree-level scattering amplitudes originating from minimal coupling to Einstein's gravity. This is a critical undertaking, as it suggests a comprehensive multipole expansion of spinning black holes. The authors employ a spinor-helicity formalism, facilitating a slick treatment of amplitudes and an effective recovery of the black holes' spin information for arbitrary spin orientations. Such integrating efforts promise more precise predictions in the representation of angular momentum dynamics.

Strong Numerical Results and Theoretical Claims

The authors confirm that, at the first post-Minkowskian order, the scattering function encapsulates known net changes in the black-hole momenta and spins. Their methodology aligns with a rigorous framework that articulates these observables from amplitudes—a nuanced approach validated by previously independent classical expectations.

Theoretical and Practical Implications

The research contributes to ongoing discussions about the robustness of classical methods and their intersections with quantum calculations. The recalibration of classical observables via amplitudes adds to the fidelity of predicting behaviors in spinning black-hole interactions. Furthermore, this research offers a platform for exploring PM expansions further, inviting inquiries into radiative effects and finite-size corrections.

Speculations on Future Developments

Potential developments lie in extending the methodology to higher PM orders and incorporating radiative corrections—a step which could unravel new facets of black-hole physics. The framework also shows potential for interfacing with quantum gravity models, leveraging duality theories or the double-copy approach to enhance amplitude precision further.

Conclusion

Overall, the paper presents a method that bridges classical and quantum paradigms effectively, settling crucial details regarding spin dynamics in black-hole scattering. While laying the groundwork for deeper exploration and wider applicability in gravitational interactions, it affirms the utility of amplitude techniques in advancing gravitational research beyond classical confines.