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MathQA: Towards Interpretable Math Word Problem Solving with Operation-Based Formalisms (1905.13319v1)

Published 30 May 2019 in cs.CL

Abstract: We introduce a large-scale dataset of math word problems and an interpretable neural math problem solver that learns to map problems to operation programs. Due to annotation challenges, current datasets in this domain have been either relatively small in scale or did not offer precise operational annotations over diverse problem types. We introduce a new representation language to model precise operation programs corresponding to each math problem that aim to improve both the performance and the interpretability of the learned models. Using this representation language, our new dataset, MathQA, significantly enhances the AQuA dataset with fully-specified operational programs. We additionally introduce a neural sequence-to-program model enhanced with automatic problem categorization. Our experiments show improvements over competitive baselines in our MathQA as well as the AQuA dataset. The results are still significantly lower than human performance indicating that the dataset poses new challenges for future research. Our dataset is available at: https://math-qa.github.io/math-QA/

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Authors (6)
  1. Aida Amini (6 papers)
  2. Saadia Gabriel (23 papers)
  3. Peter Lin (5 papers)
  4. Rik Koncel-Kedziorski (19 papers)
  5. Yejin Choi (287 papers)
  6. Hannaneh Hajishirzi (176 papers)
Citations (433)

Summary

Insights into Operation-Based Interpretability for Math Word Problem Solving

The paper introduces an innovative framework for math word problem solving, emphasizing interpretability through the use of operation-based formalisms. The authors present MathQA, a comprehensive dataset designed to enhance the training of neural models tasked with tackling the logical reasoning challenges inherent in math word problems. This essay will explore the dataset's construction, the accompanying sequence-to-program models, and their implications for both current and future research in artificial intelligence.

MathQA fills a significant void by providing a robust operational representation, essential for deciphering the narrative complexities of math word problems. By furnishing a more precise mapping between word problems and their operational requirements, MathQA enhances datasets like AQuA through meticulous annotations that surpass existing, less detailed benchmarks. Notably, the dataset consists of an extensive collection of 37,000 math word problems, each intricately annotated with operation programs. This foundational step ensures that models leveraging MathQA gain access to nuanced problem-solving paths, thereby improving performance and interpretability over prior datasets.

To navigate this enriched dataset, the authors propose a neural sequence-to-program model. This architecture is adept at mapping text-based problems to discrete operation sequences that encapsulate the logical steps necessary for problem resolution. A key feature of this model is its use of categorization based on domain-specific knowledge, enabling the model to align more effectively with the relevant mathematical operations. The paper reports modest yet meaningful improvements over baseline models on both MathQA and AQuA datasets, suggesting the efficacy of the proposed approach in capturing domain-relevant information and translating it into usable knowledge.

Despite these advancements, the results indicate a persistent disparity between machine and human performance. This gap highlights areas ripe for exploration, particularly the development of models capable of handling complex or ambiguous problems that extend beyond simple arithmetic or algebraic operations. The authors acknowledge this challenge, suggesting future research could extend the representational language to include higher-order polynomials or sequence recognition tasks, further enhancing the capability of neural models.

This work contributes to AI by introducing interpretability into neural problem solvers, a crucial aspect for their deployment in educational settings or automated tutoring systems. The operation-based formalism provides a transparent view into model reasoning, inherently augmenting trust and reliability in automated solutions. Furthermore, this methodology underscores the potential for blending symbolic and neural approaches to tackle problems requiring logical reasoning, a concept likely to gain traction as AI continues evolving.

In summation, the MathQA dataset and the corresponding modeling innovations put forth by this paper reflect a substantial step towards more interpretable and effective AI models for math word problem solving. The implications extend not only to model accuracy improvements but also to the broader objective of embedding interpretability and domain-specific reasoning into AI systems, an endeavor that promises to bridge existing performance gaps and facilitate new applications in intelligent tutoring systems and beyond. Future work in this domain, building upon the foundations laid by this research, holds promise for novel developments in AI's ability to comprehend and solve complex logical narratives.