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Interacting helical vortex filaments in the 3-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation (1901.02807v2)

Published 9 Jan 2019 in math.AP, math-ph, and math.MP

Abstract: For each given $n\geq 2$, we construct a family of entire solutions $u_\varepsilon (z,t)$, $\varepsilon>0$, with helical symmetry to the 3-dimensional complex-valued Ginzburg-Landau equation \begin{equation*}\nonumber \Delta u+(1-|u|2)u=0, \quad (z,t) \in \mathbb{R}2\times \mathbb{R} \simeq \mathbb{R}3. \end{equation*} These solutions are $2\pi/\varepsilon$-periodic in $t$ and have $n$ helix-vortex curves, with asymptotic behavior as $\varepsilon\to 0$ $$ u_\varepsilon (z,t) \approx \prod_{j=1}n W\left( z- \varepsilon{-1} f_j(\varepsilon t) \right), $$ where $W(z) =w(r) e{i\theta} $, $z= re{i\theta},$ is the standard degree $+1$ vortex solution of the planar Ginzburg-Landau equation $ \Delta W+(1-|W|2)W=0 \text{ in } \mathbb{R}2 $ and $$ f_j(t) = \frac { \sqrt{n-1} e{it}e{2 i (j-1)\pi/ n }}{ \sqrt{|\log\varepsilon|}}, \quad j=1,\ldots, n. $$ Existence of these solutions was previously conjectured, being ${\bf f}(t) = (f_1(t),\ldots, f_n(t))$ a rotating equilibrium point for the renormalized energy of vortex filaments there derived, $$ \mathcal W_\varepsilon ( {\bf f} ) :=\pi \int_0{2\pi} \Big ( \, \frac{|\log \varepsilon|} 2 \sum_{k=1}n|f'k(t)|2-\sum{j\neq k}\log |f_j(t)-f_k(t)| \, \Big ) \mathrm{d} t, $$ corresponding to that of a planar logarithmic $n$-body problem. These solutions satisfy $$ \lim_{|z| \to +\infty } |u_\varepsilon (z,t)| = 1 \quad \hbox{uniformly in $t$} $$ and have nontrivial dependence on $t$, thus negatively answering the Ginzburg-Landau analogue of the Gibbons conjecture for the Allen-Cahn equation, a question originally formulated by H. Brezis.

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