Interaction induced fractionalization and topological superconductivity in the polar molecules anisotropic $t-J$ model

Abstract: We show that the interplay between antiferromagnetic interaction and hole motion gives rise to a topological superconducting phase. This is captured by the one dimensional anisotropic $t-J$ model which can be experimentally achieved with ultracold polar molecules trapped onto an optical lattice. As a function of the anisotropy strength we find that different quantum phases appear, ranging from a gapless Luttinger liquid to spin gapped conducting and superconducting regimes. In presence of appropriate $z$-anisotropy, we also prove that a phase characterized by non-trivial topological order takes place. The latter is described uniquely by a finite non local string parameter and presents robust edge spin fractionalization. These results allow to explore quantum phases of matter where topological superconductivity is induced by the interaction.