Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Gemini 2.5 Flash
Gemini 2.5 Flash
126 tokens/sec
GPT-4o
47 tokens/sec
Gemini 2.5 Pro Pro
43 tokens/sec
o3 Pro
4 tokens/sec
GPT-4.1 Pro
47 tokens/sec
DeepSeek R1 via Azure Pro
28 tokens/sec
2000 character limit reached

Algorithmic Framework for Model-based Deep Reinforcement Learning with Theoretical Guarantees (1807.03858v5)

Published 10 Jul 2018 in cs.LG, cs.AI, and stat.ML

Abstract: Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) is considered to be a promising approach to reduce the sample complexity that hinders model-free RL. However, the theoretical understanding of such methods has been rather limited. This paper introduces a novel algorithmic framework for designing and analyzing model-based RL algorithms with theoretical guarantees. We design a meta-algorithm with a theoretical guarantee of monotone improvement to a local maximum of the expected reward. The meta-algorithm iteratively builds a lower bound of the expected reward based on the estimated dynamical model and sample trajectories, and then maximizes the lower bound jointly over the policy and the model. The framework extends the optimism-in-face-of-uncertainty principle to non-linear dynamical models in a way that requires \textit{no explicit} uncertainty quantification. Instantiating our framework with simplification gives a variant of model-based RL algorithms Stochastic Lower Bounds Optimization (SLBO). Experiments demonstrate that SLBO achieves state-of-the-art performance when only one million or fewer samples are permitted on a range of continuous control benchmark tasks.

Citations (220)

Summary

  • The paper introduces a meta-algorithm that constructs a stochastic lower bound on the expected reward, enabling convergence guarantees in deep RL.
  • It leverages the SLBO approach to alternate between model and policy optimization, significantly reducing sample complexity.
  • Empirical results validate the framework's efficiency in continuous control tasks, outperforming benchmark model-free and model-based methods.

Algorithmic Framework for Model-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning with Theoretical Guarantees

The paper presents a novel algorithmic framework designed to enhance the theoretical understanding and practical efficacy of model-based deep reinforcement learning (RL) methodologies. The primary goal is reducing the sample complexity, a notable limitation in model-free RL approaches, by leveraging model-based techniques. The research introduces a framework that constructs a meta-algorithm with theoretical guarantees, ensuring monotone improvement towards a local maximum of the expected reward.

Theoretical Framework

The framework presented extends the optimism-in-the-face-of-uncertainty principle to nonlinear dynamical models without explicit uncertainty quantification. It iteratively creates a lower bound on the expected reward using an estimated dynamical model and sample trajectories. This lower bound is then jointly maximized over the policy and model, promoting both exploration and exploitation. The theoretical guarantees provided by the meta-algorithm assure convergence to a local maximal reward under certain conditions.

Stochastic Lower Bounds Optimization (SLBO)

To validate the approach, the paper introduces a specific instantiation called Stochastic Lower Bounds Optimization (SLBO). The SLBO operates on simplifying the framework, focusing on optimizing a variant of model-based RL algorithms by jointly updating model and policy parameters. It functions by alternating between optimizing the dynamics model and policy through backpropagation, using stochastic gradient descent for computational tractability and efficiency.

Empirical Validation

Empirical results demonstrate SLBO's efficacy across various continuous control environments, revealing considerably lower sample complexity relative to state-of-the-art model-free and other model-based RL algorithms. The experiments conducted on tasks with a limited number of samples (1 million or fewer) illustrate SLBO's ability to achieve optimal or near-optimal performances. The outcomes advocate for the marked efficiency improvements in sample usage compared to other benchmark RL methods.

Implications and Future Directions

The development and analysis offered by the framework mark a significant contribution towards bridging the gap in the theoretical comprehension of model-based RL while providing a robust practical application. By achieving a blend of sample efficiency and guaranteed performance improvements, this approach could redefine strategies for deploying RL in data-scarce environments or where simulation conditions are computationally expensive.

Looking into future directions, the exploration of more sophisticated model representations might further reduce model inaccuracies and improve robustness. Addressing limitations such as explicit practical implementations of optimism could unlock new potentials in exploring complex RL tasks.

Overall, this research integrates both theoretical reinforcement with practical algorithmic improvements, suggesting both immediate and long-term avenues for advancement within the AI and machine learning community.