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Monotonic Chunkwise Attention (1712.05382v2)

Published 14 Dec 2017 in cs.CL and stat.ML

Abstract: Sequence-to-sequence models with soft attention have been successfully applied to a wide variety of problems, but their decoding process incurs a quadratic time and space cost and is inapplicable to real-time sequence transduction. To address these issues, we propose Monotonic Chunkwise Attention (MoChA), which adaptively splits the input sequence into small chunks over which soft attention is computed. We show that models utilizing MoChA can be trained efficiently with standard backpropagation while allowing online and linear-time decoding at test time. When applied to online speech recognition, we obtain state-of-the-art results and match the performance of a model using an offline soft attention mechanism. In document summarization experiments where we do not expect monotonic alignments, we show significantly improved performance compared to a baseline monotonic attention-based model.

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Authors (2)
  1. Chung-Cheng Chiu (48 papers)
  2. Colin Raffel (83 papers)
Citations (249)

Summary

Monotonic Chunkwise Attention

In the pursuit of efficiently managing the sequence-to-sequence models that incorporate soft attention mechanisms, this paper proposes an innovation termed Monotonic Chunkwise Attention (MoChA). Sequence-to-sequence frameworks, extensively applied across various domains such as speech recognition and text summarization, typically incur a quadratic time and space complexity during the decoding phase when leveraging standard soft attention mechanisms. This computational intensity renders these models impractical for real-time applications. MoChA emerges as a solution by adapting the attention mechanism to dynamically split the input sequence into manageable chunks for processing, thus promoting linear-time decoding and making it feasible for real-time sequence transduction tasks.

Insights into Monotonic Chunkwise Attention

MoChA enhances the sequence-to-sequence paradigm by integrating an adaptive strategy that enables the efficient selection and processing of input segments, termed chunks. The processing occurs locally within these chunks over which traditional soft attention is applied. This strategic adjustment addresses the quadratic complexity, reducing the computational burden to linear complexity, expressed as O(max(T,U))\mathcal{O}(\max(T, U)). This adjustment is critical for applications in domains such as online speech recognition, where latency and response times are crucial for usability.

The architectural framework of MoChA retains the conventional encoder-decoder structure and employs standard backpropagation for training. The paper empirically validates that MoChA maintains competitive performance levels with state-of-the-art models using offline soft attention. In speech recognition tasks, MoChA achieves matching state-of-the-art results, indicating its efficiency and effectiveness in maintaining performance without the computational overhead of soft attention.

Applicability and Performance

The experimental validation included application of MoChA in speech recognition on the Wall Street Journal dataset, where it achieved superior performance, and in document summarization tasks using the CNN/Daily Mail corpus, where it demonstrated performance gains over basic monotonic attention mechanisms. Specifically, MoChA exhibited state-of-the-art performance in speech recognition with a 13.9% Word Error Rate (WER), remarkably aligning with the sophisticated predictions facilitated by neural transduction mechanisms. For document summarization, MoChA presented a notable improvement compared to hierarchical baseline models, amassing a relative improvement of 20% in ROUGE scores over monotonic attention configurations.

Broader Implications and Future Prospects

The paper highlights MoChA’s potential for widespread adoption in applications requiring real-time data processing. Its efficient mechanism positions it as a candidate for further exploration in domains marked by temporal dependencies and monotonic input-output structures, such as real-time transcription services and live translation systems. Furthermore, MoChA sets the stage for future research into dynamic chunk size adaptation, potentially enhancing its applicability to a broader range of sequence-to-sequence tasks with varying input and output characteristics.

The theoretical implications of MoChA suggest a marked shift towards incorporating adaptive mechanisms within neural architectures to effectively address legacy computational challenges in neural transduction. Future exploration could focus on integrating MoChA with domain-specific customizations and the exploration of variable chunk size adaptation to optimize further its implemented efficiency and accuracy trade-offs.

In summary, MoChA represents a significant contribution towards refining the efficiency of neural attention mechanisms in sequence-to-sequence models. By effectively managing computational restraints while maintaining state-of-the-art performance, it paves the way for practical and scalable real-time applications in artificial intelligence and machine learning.