On weak peak quasisymmetric functions

Abstract: In this paper, we construct the weak version of peak quasisymmetric functions inside the Hopf algebra of weak composition quasisymmetric functions (WCQSym) defined by Guo, Thibon and Yu. Weak peak quasisymmetric functions (WPQSym) are studied in several aspects. First we find a natural basis of WPQSym lifting Stembridge's peak functions. Then we confirm that WPQSym is a Hopf subalgebra of WCQSym by giving explicit multiplication, comultiplication and antipode formulas. By extending Stembridge's descent-to-peak maps, we also show that WPQSym is a Hopf quotient algebra of WCQSym. On the other hand, we prove that WPQSym embeds as a Rota-Baxter subalgebra of WCQSym, thus of the free commutative Rota-Baxter algebra of weight 1 on one generator. Moreover, WPQSym can also be a Rota-Baxter quotient algebra of WCQSym.