Mustafin varieties, moduli spaces and tropical geometry (1707.01216v2)

Abstract: Mustafin varieties are flat degenerations of projective spaces, induced by a choice of an $n-$tuple of lattices in a vector space over a non-archimedean field. They were introduced by Mustafin in the 70s in order to generalise Mumford's groundbreaking work on the unformisation of curves to higher dimension. These varieties have a rich combinatorial structure as can be seen in pioneering work of Cartwright, H\"abich, Sturmfels and Werner. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to Mustafin varieties in terms of images of rational maps, which were studied by Li. Applying tropical intersection theory and tropical convex hull computations, we use this method to give a new combinatorial description of the irreducible components of the special fibers of Mustafin varieties. This enables connections to various topics. In particular, we see that any multiview variety appears as an irreducible component of the special fiber of some Mustafin variety. Furthermore, we use an interpretation of Mustafin varieties as a moduli functor introduced by Faltings to relate them to certain moduli functors, called linked Grassmannians. These objects are featured in limit linear series theory. The focal point of study regarding linked Grassmannians are so-called \textit{simple points}. As a direct consequence of the new combinatorial description of Mustafin varieties, we prove that the simple points of linked Grassmannians are dense in every fiber. Finally, we use the connection to linked Grassmannians, to relate the special fibers of Mustafin varieties to certain local models of unitary Shimura varieties.