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InfoVAE: Information Maximizing Variational Autoencoders (1706.02262v3)

Published 7 Jun 2017 in cs.LG, cs.AI, and stat.ML

Abstract: A key advance in learning generative models is the use of amortized inference distributions that are jointly trained with the models. We find that existing training objectives for variational autoencoders can lead to inaccurate amortized inference distributions and, in some cases, improving the objective provably degrades the inference quality. In addition, it has been observed that variational autoencoders tend to ignore the latent variables when combined with a decoding distribution that is too flexible. We again identify the cause in existing training criteria and propose a new class of objectives (InfoVAE) that mitigate these problems. We show that our model can significantly improve the quality of the variational posterior and can make effective use of the latent features regardless of the flexibility of the decoding distribution. Through extensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, we demonstrate that our models outperform competing approaches on multiple performance metrics.

Citations (428)

Summary

  • The paper introduces InfoVAE objectives that balance data fitting and inference accuracy by incorporating mutual information to ensure latent variables are informative.
  • It presents extensive experiments on datasets like MNIST and CIFAR, demonstrating improved alignment between variational and true posteriors compared to traditional VAEs.
  • The findings pave the way for enhanced unsupervised and semi-supervised learning approaches, offering a robust framework for future generative model research.

An Academic Perspective on "InfoVAE: Balancing Learning and Inference in Variational Autoencoders"

The paper "InfoVAE: Balancing Learning and Inference in Variational Autoencoders" addresses notable challenges in the field of generative models, particularly focusing on variational autoencoders (VAEs). The authors identify two primary deficiencies in the traditional VAE framework that impact the efficacy of the model: inaccurate amortized inference distributions and the tendency of VAEs to ignore latent variables when coupled with a highly flexible decoding distribution. This essay presents a specialized overview of the authors' solutions and their experimental validation.

Theoretical Advancements and Model Proposal

The authors propose a new class of objectives termed InfoVAE to address these intrinsic shortcomings of VAEs. Theoretical insights reveal that the evidence lower bound (ELBO) used in training VAEs inherently favors fitting the data distribution, often at the cost of accurate inference. The introduction of InfoVAE objectives signifies a methodological shift. By integrating additional terms into the objective function, the InfoVAE framework allows researchers to explicitly balance between the priorities of correct inference and data distribution fitting. Moreover, these objectives explicitly encourage the utilization of latent variables by incorporating mutual information terms, which mitigates their neglect in scenarios of flexible decoders.

Empirical Validation and Comparative Analysis

Through an extensive series of experiments, the authors validate the designed framework using quantitative and qualitative metrics across standard datasets like MNIST and CIFAR. The experimental results underscore the superiority of InfoVAE in achieving better alignment between the variational posterior and the true posterior, evidenced by more accurate and informative latent representations. Interestingly, a specific variant within this framework, dubbed MMD-VAE, not only performs robustly across different metrics but also demonstrates stability and efficiency in training.

Implications and Future Directions

The enhancement of VAEs through InfoVAE objectives opens up new potentials for improving unsupervised learning tasks. The empirical success of InfoVAE suggests broader implications in semi-supervised learning applications where accurate inference is critical. Moreover, the broadened understanding of balancing learning and inference fidelity could inspire more nuanced applications and extensions in other variations of generative models.

Conclusion

In summary, this paper makes a substantive contribution to the field of generative models by addressing core limitations in VAEs. The introduction of the InfoVAE framework, grounded in robust theoretical and empirical demonstrations, provides a pragmatic approach to refining the balance between learning and inference. Such advancements in objective functions could serve as a foundation for future exploration in invariant feature learning and flexible architectural designs, ultimately enhancing the capability and generalizability of machine learning systems.

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