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Triple Generative Adversarial Nets (1703.02291v4)

Published 7 Mar 2017 in cs.LG and cs.CV

Abstract: Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) have shown promise in image generation and semi-supervised learning (SSL). However, existing GANs in SSL have two problems: (1) the generator and the discriminator (i.e. the classifier) may not be optimal at the same time; and (2) the generator cannot control the semantics of the generated samples. The problems essentially arise from the two-player formulation, where a single discriminator shares incompatible roles of identifying fake samples and predicting labels and it only estimates the data without considering the labels. To address the problems, we present triple generative adversarial net (Triple-GAN), which consists of three players---a generator, a discriminator and a classifier. The generator and the classifier characterize the conditional distributions between images and labels, and the discriminator solely focuses on identifying fake image-label pairs. We design compatible utilities to ensure that the distributions characterized by the classifier and the generator both converge to the data distribution. Our results on various datasets demonstrate that Triple-GAN as a unified model can simultaneously (1) achieve the state-of-the-art classification results among deep generative models, and (2) disentangle the classes and styles of the input and transfer smoothly in the data space via interpolation in the latent space class-conditionally.

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Authors (4)
  1. Chongxuan Li (75 papers)
  2. Kun Xu (277 papers)
  3. Jun Zhu (424 papers)
  4. Bo Zhang (633 papers)
Citations (437)

Summary

Overview of Triple Generative Adversarial Nets

The paper introduces a novel framework termed Triple Generative Adversarial Nets (Triple-GAN), addressing fundamental issues observed in the application of Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) to semi-supervised learning (SSL). Conventional GANs, known for their prowess in image generation and SSL, face challenges due to their two-player formulation. Specifically, the generator and the discriminator in GANs encounter difficulties because they cannot be optimally aligned simultaneously. Additionally, these GANs lack control over the semantics of generated samples. These issues stem from the dual role of the discriminator, tasked with both distinguishing fake data and predicting labels, which leads to conflicts.

Triple-GAN Formulation and Results

Triple-GAN resolves these problems by introducing a three-player game involving a generator, a discriminator, and a classifier. The generator and classifier are responsible for defining conditional distributions between images and labels, while the discriminator focuses solely on identifying fake image-label pairs. This strategic division of roles enables the simultaneous optimization of the generator and classifier, leading to improved performance.

Key numerical findings from the experimental evaluation of Triple-GAN support its efficacy. On multiple benchmark datasets, including MNIST, SVHN, and CIFAR10, Triple-GAN achieves state-of-the-art classification accuracy among deep generative models. For instance, on SVHN with 1,000 labeled examples, the Triple-GAN achieves an impressive error rate of 5.77\%, outperforming previous methods like Improved-GAN, which registered an error rate of 8.11\%. These results validate the model's capability to disentangle classes and styles effectively, reflecting the intrinsic semantic structure within data.

Theoretical Contributions and Implications

Triple-GAN's theoretical robustness is underscored by its formulation, ensuring that both the generator and classifier can achieve their respective optima without competition. This optimization is achieved through carefully designed utilities, which include adversarial losses and unbiased regularizations. Essentially, these ensure that the discriminator's judgments lead to convergence towards distributions that approximate the real data distribution effectively. The introduction of a pseudo discriminative loss further enhances the classifier's performance by leveraging the generator's outputs as additional labeled data, showcasing the model's adaptability in various SSL scenarios.

Future Directions and Practical Implications

Practically, Triple-GAN paves the way for more advanced DGMs that can simultaneously excel in classification and generation tasks with limited supervision. This has notable implications for fields requiring class-conditional generation and high accuracy in environments with ample unlabeled data but sparse labeled data availability. The flexible nature of Triple-GAN in discovering latent representations suggests potential extensions into broader domains beyond visual data, such as natural language processing and reinforcement learning, where semi-supervised settings are prevalent.

Continued research could explore the scalability of Triple-GAN to even larger and more complex datasets, as well as its adaptability to other forms of data representation. Further refinement could involve the development of more sophisticated regularization techniques to improve convergence stability in highly noisy environments or datasets.

In summary, Triple-GAN represents a significant step forward in enhancing the flexibility and effectiveness of generative models in SSL, showcasing a promising direction for future AI research. Its modularity and robustness make it a strong candidate for integration into a wide range of applications where generating high-fidelity, semantically coherent samples is crucial.