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Arb: Efficient Arbitrary-Precision Midpoint-Radius Interval Arithmetic (1611.02831v1)

Published 9 Nov 2016 in cs.MS, cs.NA, and cs.SC

Abstract: Arb is a C library for arbitrary-precision interval arithmetic using the midpoint-radius representation, also known as ball arithmetic. It supports real and complex numbers, polynomials, power series, matrices, and evaluation of many special functions. The core number types are designed for versatility and speed in a range of scenarios, allowing performance that is competitive with non-interval arbitrary-precision types such as MPFR and MPC floating-point numbers. We discuss the low-level number representation, strategies for precision and error bounds, and the implementation of efficient polynomial arithmetic with interval coefficients.

Citations (170)

Summary

  • The paper introduces Arb, a C library for arbitrary-precision interval arithmetic using midpoint-radius representation to provide rigorous error bounds with competitive performance.
  • Arb utilizes core types like arb_t and acb_t, supporting operations on real and complex numbers, polynomials, matrices, and special functions for versatile computational tasks.
  • Performance benchmarks demonstrate Arb's efficiency compared to other libraries, positioning it as an advantageous tool for high-precision verified computing in scientific applications.

Efficient Arbitrary-Precision Interval Arithmetic Using Midpoint-Radius Representation

The paper "Arb: Efficient Arbitrary-Precision Midpoint-Radius Interval Arithmetic" by Fredrik Johansson introduces Arb, a C library designed for arbitrary-precision interval arithmetic using the midpoint-radius representation, often referred to as ball arithmetic. This computational technique provides rigorous error bounds in operations involving real and complex numbers while ensuring the precision is competitive with non-interval methods such as MPFR and MPC floating-point arithmetic.

Key Aspects of Arb

Arb serves multiple numerical constructs, including real and complex numbers, polynomials, power series, matrices, and a comprehensive range of special functions. By representing numbers as [m±r][m \pm r], where mm is the precise midpoint and rr is a small radius capturing potential error, Arb achieves a more efficient interval arithmetic than traditional endpoint-based representation.

Versatility and Implementation

Arb's core types facilitate various computational tasks:

  • arf_t and mag_t are used for precision floating-point and unsigned floating-point numbers respectively.
  • arb_t and acb_t cater to real numbers via midpoint-radius intervals and complex numbers in Cartesian form.
  • Arb extends operations over polynomials and matrices, built upon efficient arithmetic provided by dependent libraries such as GMP, MPFR, and FLINT.

This structuring is particularly well-suited for applications in computer algebra systems, ensuring minimal overhead while tracking computational errors automatically.

Performance Benchmarks

Through performance benchmarks, Arb demonstrates exceptional efficiency compared to other libraries such as MPFR, MPFI, and MPC. Notably, in polynomial manipulation, Arb uses scaling and block techniques to preserve precision while leveraging fast algorithms for multiplication tasks—often outperforming conventional numerical methods. The paper highlights a significant reduction in time and improved accuracy in computational operations across varying precision levels.

Theoretical and Practical Implications

In practice, Arb serves as an advantageous tool for verified computing tasks, specifically in scientific applications requiring high-precision computations. It provides users with the ability to compute transcendental functions accurately under rigorous mathematical operations without needing complex error analysis explicitly coded. This includes determining number theoretic properties like partition functions and class polynomials wherein exact computing is crucial.

From a theoretical standpoint, the robust error bounding facilitated by midpoint-radius arithmetic not only enhances computational rigor but expands the applicability to problems susceptible to numerical instability. Arb’s optimization for dealing with asymptotic case handling and branch cut continuity further cements its utility for advanced mathematical and engineering applications.

Future Prospects

Future developments may explore the automation of tighter error bounds and expanded algorithms for eigenvalue problems, extending Arb's applicability in complex numerical analysis and further enhancing its competitive edge in terms of computational speed and precision.

Overall, the paper positions Arb as a significant advancement in interval arithmetic, offering a blend of speed, precision, and functionality in an arbitrary-precision context suitable for both theoretical exploration and practical implementations across diverse scientific domains.