Anisotropic Shubin operators and eigenfunctions expansions in Gelfand-Shilov spaces

Abstract: We derive new results on the characterization of Gelfand--Shilov spaces $\mathcal{S}^\mu_\nu (\R^n)$, $\mu,\nu >0$, $\mu+\nu \geq 1$ by Gevrey estimates of the $L^2$ norms of iterates of $(m,k)$ anisotropic globally elliptic Shubin (or $\Gamma$) type operators, $(-\Delta)^{m/2} +| x |^k$ with $m,k\in 2\N$ being a model operator, and on the decay of the Fourier coefficients in the related eigenfunction expansions. Similar results are obtained for the spaces $\Sigma^\mu_\nu (\R^n)$, $\mu,\nu >0$, $\mu+\nu > 1$, cf. \eqref{GSdef}. In contrast to the symmetric case $\mu = \nu$ and $k=m$ (classical Shubin operators) we encounter resonance type phenomena involving the ratio $\kappa:=\mu/\nu$; namely we obtain a characterization of $\mathcal{S}^\mu_\nu(\R^n)$ and $\Sigma^\mu_\nu(\R^n)$ in the case $\mu=kt/(k+m), \nu= mt/(k+m), t \geq 1$, that is, when $\kappa=k/m \in \Q$.