$SO(N)$ Lattice Gauge Theory, planar and beyond (1608.04379v3)

Abstract: Lattice Gauge theories have been studied in the physics literature as discrete approximations to quantum Yang-Mills theory for a long time. Primary statistics of interest in these models are expectations of the so called "Wilson loop variables". In this article we continue the program initiated by Chatterjee (2015) to understand Wilson loop expectations in Lattice Gauge theories in a certain limit through gauge-string duality. The objective in this paper is to better understand the underlying combinatorics in the strong coupling regime, by giving a more geometric picture of string trajectories involving correspondence to objects such as decorated trees and non-crossing partitions. Using connections with Free Probability theory, we provide an elaborate description of loop expectations in the planar setting, which provides certain insights about structures of higher dimensional trajectories as well. Exploiting this, we construct an example showing that in any dimension, the Wilson loop area law lower bound does not hold in full generality.