On squares in special sets of finite fields (1602.06520v2)

Abstract: We consider the linear vector space formed by the elements of the finite fields $\mathbb{F}q$ with $q=p^r$ over $\mathbb{F}_p$. Let ${a_1,\ldots,a_r}$ be a basis of this space. Then the elements $x$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ have a unique representation in the form $\sum{j=1}^r c_ja_j$ with $c_j\in\mathbb{F}_p$. Let $D_1,\ldots,D_r$ be subsets of $\mathbb{F}_p$. We consider the set $W=W(D_1,\ldots,D_r)$ of elements of $\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $c_j \in D_j$ for all $j=1,\ldots,r$. We give an estimate for the number of squares in the set $W$ which implies an asymptotic formula for this quantity in the case when the sets $D_1,\ldots,D_r$ are "large on average" and a sufficient condition for the existence of squares in the set $W$.