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Learning Local Image Descriptors with Deep Siamese and Triplet Convolutional Networks by Minimising Global Loss Functions (1512.09272v2)

Published 31 Dec 2015 in cs.CV

Abstract: Recent innovations in training deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet) models have motivated the design of new methods to automatically learn local image descriptors. The latest deep ConvNets proposed for this task consist of a siamese network that is trained by penalising misclassification of pairs of local image patches. Current results from machine learning show that replacing this siamese by a triplet network can improve the classification accuracy in several problems, but this has yet to be demonstrated for local image descriptor learning. Moreover, current siamese and triplet networks have been trained with stochastic gradient descent that computes the gradient from individual pairs or triplets of local image patches, which can make them prone to overfitting. In this paper, we first propose the use of triplet networks for the problem of local image descriptor learning. Furthermore, we also propose the use of a global loss that minimises the overall classification error in the training set, which can improve the generalisation capability of the model. Using the UBC benchmark dataset for comparing local image descriptors, we show that the triplet network produces a more accurate embedding than the siamese network in terms of the UBC dataset errors. Moreover, we also demonstrate that a combination of the triplet and global losses produces the best embedding in the field, using this triplet network. Finally, we also show that the use of the central-surround siamese network trained with the global loss produces the best result of the field on the UBC dataset. Pre-trained models are available online at https://github.com/vijaykbg/deep-patchmatch

Citations (308)

Summary

  • The paper demonstrates that integrating a global loss function into triplet networks significantly enhances descriptor accuracy by reducing intra-class variation.
  • The paper introduces a dual approach, refining both Siamese and triplet architectures to optimize classification and mitigate overfitting.
  • Experimental results on the UBC benchmark confirm that the proposed method surpasses traditional pairwise loss techniques in local descriptor learning.

An Examination of Convolutional Networks in Local Image Descriptor Learning

This paper addresses the development of local image descriptors utilising deep convolutional networks, specifically through the deployment of Siamese and triplet network architectures. The authors propose innovations in the use of these networks by introducing a global loss function to enhance model generalization, a departure from traditional training protocols which primarily rely on stochastic gradient descent over pairs or triplets of image patches.

The research introduces a dual-pronged approach to local descriptor learning. First, the authors suggest employing a triplet network architecture known for optimizing classification tasks, though its application to local image descriptors had not been fully explored before this paper. The triplet network is designed to maximise inter-class distance and minimise intra-class variation—an essential component for creating robust local descriptors. Second, the concept of a global loss function is introduced as a capacity-enhancing method, intended to better capture overall classification accuracy and mitigate overfitting.

The experimental analysis, grounded on the UBC benchmark dataset, highlights the efficacy of these methodologies. Numerical results demonstrate that the triplet network, particularly when utilized in conjunction with the global loss function, surpasses the traditional Siamese networks in producing accurate embeddings. The research indicates that the combination of triplet and global losses delivers the most effective descriptor embedding on the dataset, significantly outperforming purely Siamese network setups trained with pairwise losses.

Moreover, the authors expound further on their architectural choices by refining a central-surround Siamese network with global loss training, achieving superior classification results. The introduction of this global loss function—tailored to minimize classification error by optimizing distance metrics more adequately—addresses existing pitfalls associated with stochastic overfitting in neural networks.

From a theoretical perspective, these findings substantiate the potential of deep learning architectures in redefining algorithms for local image descriptors, highlighting the opportunity for further exploration in metric learning and capability enhancement. Practically, the improvements in accuracy and generalization hold substantial implications for computer vision applications ranging from 3-D modeling to object recognition and classification.

Future research could expand upon these findings by examining the integration of global loss functions into other convolutional structures or broader machine learning paradigms. Additionally, scalability and computational efficiency remain critical aspects for exploring these models' deployment in real-world environments.

In summary, the paper lays foundational work in the application of convolutional networks to local descriptor learning. By innovating with triplet architectures and global loss functions, it provides valuable insights and a measurable leap in model performance, signifying a noteworthy contribution to the field of computer vision and machine learning.