Double-well ultracold-fermions computational microscopy: Wave-function anatomy of attractive-pairing and Wigner-molecule entanglement and natural orbitals

Abstract: "Bottom-up" approaches to the many-body physics of fermions have demonstrated recently precise number and site-resolved preparations with tunability of interparticle interactions in single-well, SW, and double-well, DW, nano-scale confinements created by manipulating ultracold fermionic atoms with optical tweezers. These experiments emulate an analogue-simulator mapping onto the requisite microscopic hamiltonian, approaching realization of Feynman's vision of quantum simulators that "will do exactly the same as nature". Here we report on exact benchmark configuration-interaction computational microscopy solutions of the hamiltonian, uncovering the spectral evolution, wave-function anatomy, and entanglement properties of the interacting fermions in the entire parameter range, including crossover from a SW to a DW confinement and a controllable energy imbalance between the wells. We demonstrate attractive pairing and formation of repulsive, highly-correlated, ultracold Wigner molecules, well-described in the natural orbital representation. The agreement with the measurements affirms the henceforth gained deep insights into ultracold molecules and opens access to the size-dependent evolution of nano-clustered and condensed-matter phases and ultracold-atoms quantum information.