Critical behaviors and universality classes of percolation phase transitions on two-dimensional square lattice

Abstract: We have investigated both site and bond percolation on two dimensional lattice under the random rule and the product rule respectively. With the random rule, sites or bonds are added randomly into the lattice. From two candidates picked randomly, the site or bond with the smaller size product of two connected clusters is added when the product rule is taken. Not only the size of the largest cluster but also its size jump are studied to characterize the universality class of percolation. The finite-size scaling forms of giant cluster size and size jump are proposed and used to determine the critical exponents of percolation from Monte Carlo data. It is found that the critical exponents of both size and size jump in random site percolation are equal to that in random bond percolation. With the random rule, site and bond percolation belong to the same universality class. We obtain the critical exponents of the site percolation under the product rule, which are different from that of both random percolation and the bond percolation under the product rule. The universality class of site percolation differs different from that of bond percolation when the product rule is used.