Congruences involving $g_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom nk^2\binom{2k}kx^k$
Abstract: Define $g_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}n\binom nk2\binom{2k}kxk$ for $n=0,1,2,...$. Those numbers $g_n=g_n(1)$ are closely related to Ap\'ery numbers and Franel numbers. In this paper we establish some fundamental congruences involving $g_n(x)$. For example, for any prime $p>5$ we have $$\sum_{k=1}{p-1}\frac{g_k(-1)}{k}\equiv 0\pmod{p2}\quad{and}\quad\sum_{k=1}{p-1}\frac{g_k(-1)}{k2}\equiv 0\pmod p.$$ This is similar to Wolstenholme's classical congruences $$\sum_{k=1}{p-1}\frac1k\equiv0\pmod{p2}\quad{and}\quad\sum_{k=1}{p-1}\frac{1}{k2}\equiv0\pmod p$$ for any prime $p>3$.
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