A Laplace-Dunkl equation on $S^2$ and the Bannai-Ito algebra

Abstract: The analysis of the $\mathbb{Z}2^{3}$ Laplace-Dunkl equation on the $2$-sphere is cast in the framework of the Racah problem for the Hopf algebra $sl{-1}(2)$. The related Dunkl-Laplace operator is shown to correspond to a quadratic expression in the total Casimir operator of the tensor product of three irreducible $sl_{-1}(2)$-modules. The operators commuting with the Dunkl Laplacian are seen to coincide with the intermediate Casimir operators and to realize a central extension of the Bannai-Ito (BI) algebra. Functions on $S^2$ spanning irreducible modules of the BI algebra are constructed and given explicitly in terms of Jacobi polynomials. The BI polynomials occur as expansion coefficients between two such bases composed of functions separated in different coordinate systems.