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Uncovering the Temporal Dynamics of Diffusion Networks (1105.0697v1)

Published 3 May 2011 in cs.SI, cs.DS, cs.IR, and physics.soc-ph

Abstract: Time plays an essential role in the diffusion of information, influence and disease over networks. In many cases we only observe when a node copies information, makes a decision or becomes infected -- but the connectivity, transmission rates between nodes and transmission sources are unknown. Inferring the underlying dynamics is of outstanding interest since it enables forecasting, influencing and retarding infections, broadly construed. To this end, we model diffusion processes as discrete networks of continuous temporal processes occurring at different rates. Given cascade data -- observed infection times of nodes -- we infer the edges of the global diffusion network and estimate the transmission rates of each edge that best explain the observed data. The optimization problem is convex. The model naturally (without heuristics) imposes sparse solutions and requires no parameter tuning. The problem decouples into a collection of independent smaller problems, thus scaling easily to networks on the order of hundreds of thousands of nodes. Experiments on real and synthetic data show that our algorithm both recovers the edges of diffusion networks and accurately estimates their transmission rates from cascade data.

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Authors (3)
  1. Manuel Gomez Rodriguez (30 papers)
  2. David Balduzzi (40 papers)
  3. Bernhard Schölkopf (412 papers)
Citations (591)

Summary

Uncovering the Temporal Dynamics of Diffusion Networks

The paper "Uncovering the Temporal Dynamics of Diffusion Networks" by Gomez-Rodriguez et al. addresses the intricate task of inferring diffusion dynamics in networks, particularly focusing on temporal aspects. The paper models diffusion processes as discrete networks of continuous temporal interactions and infers network edges and transmission rates from cascade data, using a convex optimization approach.

Overview of Methodology

The core contribution of this work is the formulation of diffusion process modeling and network inference into a convex optimization problem. The authors present a generative probabilistic model capturing the dynamics over static yet unknown networks. This model treats each diffusion event as a continuous temporal process, where the conditional transmission likelihood between nodes is parameterized separately. The optimization problem is elegantly convex, leading to sparse solutions without the need for parameter tuning.

Key Features and Results

  • Convex Optimization: The inference problem is converted into a convex program, providing global optimality in solutions. This approach contrasts with earlier methods requiring heuristic penalties or fixed parameters for sparsity.
  • Scalability: The problem naturally decomposes into smaller subproblems, markedly improving scalability to networks with hundreds of thousands of nodes.
  • Experimental Verification: Empirical results on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the method's ability to recover network edges and accurately estimate transmission rates. The algorithm achieves more than 95% edge recovery in synthetic tests and significant recovery rates in real datasets.
  • Numerical Insights: Performance metrics such as precision and recall, and the normalized mean absolute error (MAE) in estimated rates, underscore the efficacy of the approach, particularly when compared to methods like NETINF and MultiTree.

Implications and Future Directions

The implications of this research extend to several domains where diffusion processes are critical, such as epidemiology, viral marketing, and information spread in social networks. The ability to uncover not only the connectivity but also the temporal dynamics of diffusion networks paves the way for improved predictive and intervention strategies.

Future research might explore enhancing the flexibility of the model by allowing for the integration of mixed transmission models within a single framework, capturing a more comprehensive range of real-world diffusion behaviors. Additionally, extending the model to incorporate real-time data streams could further augment its applicability in dynamic network scenarios.

In conclusion, Gomez-Rodriguez et al.'s work on uncovering temporal dynamics marks a significant advancement in the computational modeling of diffusion processes. The convex approach offers a robust and scalable solution, opening new avenues for both theoretical investigations and practical applications in network science.