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Sparsity based sub-wavelength imaging with partially incoherent light via quadratic compressed sensing (1104.4406v1)

Published 22 Apr 2011 in cs.IT, math.IT, and physics.optics

Abstract: We demonstrate that sub-wavelength optical images borne on partially-spatially-incoherent light can be recovered, from their far-field or from the blurred image, given the prior knowledge that the image is sparse, and only that. The reconstruction method relies on the recently demonstrated sparsity-based sub-wavelength imaging. However, for partially-spatially-incoherent light, the relation between the measurements and the image is quadratic, yielding non-convex measurement equations that do not conform to previously used techniques. Consequently, we demonstrate new algorithmic methodology, referred to as quadratic compressed sensing, which can be applied to a range of other problems involving information recovery from partial correlation measurements, including when the correlation function has local dependencies. Specifically for microscopy, this method can be readily extended to white light microscopes with the additional knowledge of the light source spectrum.

Citations (176)

Summary

  • The paper presents a novel sparsity-based algorithmic framework leveraging quadratic compressed sensing to reconstruct sub-wavelength images from non-convex quadratic measurements.
  • Numerical experiments show the approach effectively recovers sparse sub-wavelength images with reduced errors even under high measurement noise.
  • This quadratic compressed sensing framework has practical implications for microscopy and potential future applications in quantum information systems.

Sparsity-Based Sub-Wavelength Imaging Using Quadratic Compressed Sensing

Sub-wavelength optical imaging has long been challenged by the diffraction limit inherent in traditional imaging systems, which restricts the resolution to features comparable to half the wavelength of light used. The paper "Sparsity Based Sub-Wavelength Imaging with Partially Incoherent Light via Quadratic Compressed Sensing" introduces an innovative methodology for overcoming this limitation by utilizing quadratic compressed sensing. Unlike prior techniques constrained to coherent or incoherent light scenarios, this approach effectively handles partially-spatially-incoherent light, expanding the applicability of sub-wavelength imaging technologies, particularly in microscopy.

The authors propose a groundbreaking algorithmic framework leveraging sparsity-based principles to reconstruct optical images containing sub-wavelength features from far-field measurements. The uniqueness of the method lies in its ability to process non-convex quadratic measurement equations, a significant deviation from linear equations commonly tackled in compressed sensing. This is achieved by formulating the reconstruction problem as an optimization task involving minimizing the rank of a positive semi-definite matrix, which represents correlation-based measurements.

Key numerical experiments underscore the efficacy of this approach. The paper demonstrates recovery of sparse sub-wavelength images that are otherwise indiscernible through traditional techniques due to the low-pass nature of optical systems. The reconstruction errors decrease notably when sparsity assumptions are applied in processing, enhancing signal retrieval even under significant measurement noise levels.

The methodological advancements presented have far-reaching implications both theoretically and practically. The quadratic compressed sensing framework offers a new paradigm for recovering information from partial correlation measurements across various domains. Immediate practical extensions include adapting the reconstruction process for broadband white light applications, crucial for widespread microscopic imaging systems.

Moreover, the paper speculates on future applications in quantum information systems. Given that measurement processes in quantum systems are inherently tied to correlation functions, these sparsity-based techniques could potentially facilitate new methods for quantum state tomography and cryptography, offering the possibility of reconstructing quantum states from measurements below the Nyquist rate. This establishes a foundational basis for subsequent exploration into high-order correlation function recoveries and the broader quantum sciences.

In conclusion, the development of quadratic compressed sensing for sparsity-based sub-wavelength imaging represents a significant progression in optical imaging methodologies. It opens pathways to transcend traditional diffraction limits, offering versatile applications in microscopy and beyond, while laying the groundwork for future research in complex systems involving sparse data reconstruction from partial and truncated measurements. As technology evolves, these concepts could play a pivotal role in refining techniques across optical, quantum, and signal processing fields, presenting new opportunities to resolve finer details unseen with conventional methods.