A weak spectral condition for the controllability of the bilinear Schrödinger equation with application to the control of a rotating planar molecule

Abstract: In this paper we prove an approximate controllability result for the bilinear Schr\"odinger equation. This result requires less restrictive non-resonance hypotheses on the spectrum of the uncontrolled Schr\"odinger operator than those present in the literature. The control operator is not required to be bounded and we are able to extend the controllability result to the density matrices. The proof is based on fine controllability properties of the finite dimensional Galerkin approximations and allows to get estimates for the $L^{1}$ norm of the control. The general controllability result is applied to the problem of controlling the rotation of a bipolar rigid molecule confined on a plane by means of two orthogonal external fields.