On Finding Similar Items in a Stream of Transactions

Abstract: While there has been a lot of work on finding frequent itemsets in transaction data streams, none of these solve the problem of finding similar pairs according to standard similarity measures. This paper is a first attempt at dealing with this, arguably more important, problem. We start out with a negative result that also explains the lack of theoretical upper bounds on the space usage of data mining algorithms for finding frequent itemsets: Any algorithm that (even only approximately and with a chance of error) finds the most frequent k-itemset must use space Omega(min{mb,n^k,(mb/phi)^k}) bits, where mb is the number of items in the stream so far, n is the number of distinct items and phi is a support threshold. To achieve any non-trivial space upper bound we must thus abandon a worst-case assumption on the data stream. We work under the model that the transactions come in random order, and show that surprisingly, not only is small-space similarity mining possible for the most common similarity measures, but the mining accuracy improves with the length of the stream for any fixed support threshold.